@InProceedings{Russell:asru99,
 author = "Stuart Russell",
 title = "Expressive Probability Models For Speech Recognition And Understanding",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "1--4"
}

@InProceedings{Stork:asru99,
 author = "David G. Stork",
 title = "The HAL 9000 Computer And The Vision Of 2001: A Space Odyssey",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "7--10"
}

@InProceedings{Morgan:asru99,
 author = "Nelson Morgan",
 title = "Temporal Signal Processing For ASR",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "9--12"
}

@InProceedings{Hunt:asru99,
 author = "Melvyn J. Hunt",
 title = "Spectral Signal Processing For ASR",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "17--20"
}

@InProceedings{Takeda:asru99,
 author = "Kazuya Takeda and Masato Kondo and {Fumitada I}takura",
 title = "A Waveform Measure For Predicting Recognition Performance Degradation",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "27--30"
}

@InProceedings{Chen:asru99,
 author = "Aimin Chen and Saeed Vaseghi and Paul McCourt",
 title = "Transformation Of Full-band To Sub-band HMMs For Speech Recognition In Noisy Car Environments",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "31--34"
}

@InProceedings{Potamianos:asru99,
 author = "Alexandros Potamianos and Petros Maragos",
 title = "Time-frequency Distributions For Automatic Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "35--38"
}

@InProceedings{Huang:asru99,
 author = "Chao-Shih Huang and Hsiao-Chuan Wang",
 title = "An SNR-Incremental Stochastic Matching (SISM) Algorithm For Noisy Speech Recognition ",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "39--42"
}

@InProceedings{Ming:asru99,
 author = "Ji Ming and Darryl Stewart and Philip Hanna and F. Jack Smith",
 title = "A Probabilistic Union Model For Partial And Temporal Corruption Of Speech",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "43--46"
}

@InProceedings{Kermorvant:asru99,
 author = "Christopher Kermorvant and Chafic Mokbel",
 title = "Towards Introducing Long-term Statistics In MUSE For Robust Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "47--50"
}

@InProceedings{Giuliani:asru99,
 author = "Diego Giuliani and Marco Matassoni and Maurizio Omologo and Piergiorgio Svaizer",
 title = "Robust HMM Training And Adaptation In Hands-free Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "51--54"
}

@InProceedings{Kryze:asru99,
 author = "David Kryze and Luca Rigazio and Ted Applebaum and Jean-Claude Junqua",
 title = "A New Noise-robust Subband Front-end And Its Comparison To PLP",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "55--58"
}

@InProceedings{Kajarekar:asru99,
 author = "Sachin Kajarekar and Narendranath Malayath and Hynek Hermansky",
 title = "Analysis Of Speaker And Channel Variability In Speech",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "59--62"
}

@InProceedings{Hermansky:asru99,
 author = "Hynek Hermansky and Sangita Sharma and Pratibha Jain",
 title = "Data-derived Nonlinear Mapping For Feature Extraction In HMM",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "63--66"
}

@InProceedings{Agarwal:asru99,
 author = "Anshu Agarwal and Yan Ming Cheng",
 title = "Two-stage Mel-warped Wiener Filter For Robust Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "67--70"
}

@InProceedings{Verma:asru99,
 author = "Ashish Verma and Tanveer Faruquie and Chalapathy Neti and Sankar Basu and Andrew W. Senior",
 title = "Late Integration In Audio-visual Continuous Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "71--74"
}

@InProceedings{Saul:asru99,
 author = "Lawrence K. Saul and Mazin G. Rahim and Jont B. Allen",
 title = "Learning From Examples In Critical Bands Of Speech",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "75--78"
}

@InProceedings{Ostendorf:asru99,
 author = "Mari Ostendorf",
 title = "Moving Beyond The 'Beads-on-a-string' Model Of Speech",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "79--82"
}

@InProceedings{Woodland:asru99,
 author = "Philip C. Woodland",
 title = "Speaker Adaptation: Techniques And Challenges",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "85--88"
}

@InProceedings{Yun:asru99,
 author = "Young-Sun Yun and Yung-Hwan Oh",
 title = "A Segmental HMM Based On The Parametric Trajectory Feature",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "91--94"
}

@InProceedings{Takano:asru99,
 author = "Masaru Takano",
 title = "Unified State/mixture Topology Design Via Multi-path HMM By ML Greedy State Split",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "95--98"
}

@InProceedings{Sagayama:asru99,
 author = "Shigeki Sagayama and Shigeki Matsuda and Mitsuru Nakai and Hiroshi Shimodaira",
 title = "Asynchronous-transition HMM For Acoustic Modeling",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "99--102"
}

@InProceedings{Scattone:asru99,
 author = "Francesco Scattone and Don McAllaster and Larry Gillick",
 title = "Comparative Studies Of Conversational Vs. Read Speech Using Simulated Acoustic Data",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "103--106"
}

@InProceedings{Jiang:asru99,
 author = "Li Jiang and Xuedong Huang",
 title = "Acoustic Feature Selection Using Speech Recognizers",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "107--110"
}

@InProceedings{Doh:asru99,
 author = "Sam-Joo Doh and Richard M. Stern",
 title = "Weighted Principal Component MLLR For Speaker Adaptation",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "111--114"
}

@InProceedings{Antoniou:asru99,
 author = "Christos A. Antoniou and T. Jeff Reynolds",
 title = "Using Modular/ensemble Neural Networks For The Acoustic Modelling Of Speech",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "115--118"
}

@InProceedings{Schlueter:asru99,
 author = "Ralf Schlueter and Boris Mueller and Frank Wessel and Hermann Ney",
 title = "Interdependence Of Language Models And Discriminative Training",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "119--122"
}

@InProceedings{Gupta:asru99,
 author = "Vishwa N. Gupta",
 title = "Automated Training Of Acoustic Models For ADAS Plus",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "123--126"
}

@InProceedings{Li:asru99,
 author = "Guoqiang Li and Limin Du and Ziqiang Hou",
 title = "Experimental Comparisons Of The Prior Parameter Transformation For Speaker Adaptation",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "127--130"
}

@InProceedings{Beyerlein:asru99,
 author = "Peter Beyerlein and William Byrne and Juan M. Huerta and Sanjeev Khudanpur and Bhaskara Marthi and John Morgan and Nino Peterek and Joseph Picone and Wei Wang",
 title = "Towards Language Indepdendent Acoustic Modeling",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "131--134"
}

@InProceedings{Gu:asru99,
 author = "Liang Gu and Kenneth Rose",
 title = "Combined Parameter Training And Reduction In Tied-mixture HMM Design",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "135--138"
}

@InProceedings{Stroem:asru99,
 author = "Nikko Str{\"o}m and Lee Hetherington and Timothy J. Hazen and Eric Sandness and James R. Glass",
 title = "Acoustic Modeling Improvements In A Segment-based Speech Recognizer",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "139--142"
}

@InProceedings{Kuhn:asru99,
 author = "Roland Kuhn and Matteo Contolini and Jean-Claude Junqua",
 title = "Military Training: A Discriminative Method For Growing Acoustic Trees",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "143--146"
}

@InProceedings{Wang:asru99,
 author = "Shaojun Wang and Yunxin Zhao",
 title = "On-line Bayesian Tree-structured Transformation Of Hidden Markov Models For Speaker Adaptation",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "147--150"
}

@InProceedings{Picheny:asru99,
 author = "Michael A. Picheny",
 title = "Challenges In Real-time Implementations Of  Large Vocabulary Dictation Systems: Past, Present And Future",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "151--154"
}

@InProceedings{Schwartz:asru99,
 author = "Richard Schwartz and Long Nguyen and Jason Davenport and Daben Liu and Francis Kubala and John Makhoul",
 title = "Accurate Near-real-time Recognition Of Broadcast News Using Multiple-Pass Search Techniques",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "159--162"
}

@InProceedings{Furui:asru99,
 author = "Sadaoki Furui and Zhi-Peng Zhang and Katsutoshi Ohtsuki",
 title = "On-line Incremental Speaker Adaptation For Broadcast News Transcription",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "165--168"
}

@InProceedings{Suontausta:asru99,
 author = "Janne Suontausta and Juha H{\"a}kkinen and Olli Viikki",
 title = "Fast Decoding Techniques For Practical Real-time Speech Recognition Systems",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "169--172"
}

@InProceedings{Korkmazskiy:asru99,
 author = "Filipp Korkmazskiy and Chi-Lin Shih and Chin-Hui Lee ",
 title = "Pronunciation Modeling By Genetic Algorithm",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "173--176"
}

@InProceedings{Genoud:asru99,
 author = "Dominique Genoud and Dan Ellis and Nelson Morgan",
 title = "Combined Speech And Speaker Recognition With Speaker-adapted Connectionist Models",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "177--180"
}

@InProceedings{Fosler-Lussier:asru99,
 author = "Eric Fosler-Lussier",
 title = "Contextual Word And Syllable Pronunciation Models",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "181--184"
}

@InProceedings{Tan:asru99,
 author = "Beng T. Tan and Yong Gu and Trevor Thomas",
 title = "Word Confusability Measures For Vocabulary Selection In Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "185--188"
}

@InProceedings{Lee:asru99,
 author = "Shi-wook Lee and Keikichi Hirose",
 title = "Dynamic Beam Search Strategy Using Prosodic-syntactic Information",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "189--192"
}

@InProceedings{Karray:asru99,
 author = "Lamia Karray and Jacques Simonin",
 title = "A Trade-off Between Recognition Performance And Computational Cost In Continuous HMM-based Speech Recognition Systems",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "193--196"
}

@InProceedings{Nakagawa:asru99,
 author = "Seiichi Nakagawa and Kengo Hanai and Kazumasa Yamamoto and Nobuaki Minematsu",
 title = "Comparison Of Syllable-based HMMs And Triphone-based HMMs In Japanese Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "197--200"
}

@InProceedings{Garcia-Mateo:asru99,
 author = "Carmen Garcia-Mateo and Wolfgang Reichl and Stefan Ortmanns",
 title = "On Combining Confidence Measures In HMM-based Speech Recognizers",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "201--204"
}

@InProceedings{Farrell:asru99,
 author = "Kevin R. Farrell",
 title = "Data Redundancy Applications For Speaker Verification",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "205--208"
}

@InProceedings{Paul:asru99,
 author = "Douglas B. Paul",
 title = "An Investigation Of Gaussian Shortlists",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "209--212"
}

@InProceedings{Silaghi:asru99,
 author = "Marius-Calin Silaghi and Herve Bourlard",
 title = "Iterative Posterior-based Keyword Spotting Without Filler Models",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "213--216"
}

@InProceedings{Souvignier:asru99,
 author = "Bernd Souvignier and Andreas Wendemuth",
 title = "Combination Of Confidence Measures For Phrases",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "217--220"
}

@InProceedings{Hon:asru99,
 author = "Hsiao-Wuen Hon and Kuansan Wang",
 title = "Combining Frame And Segment Based Models For Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "221--224"
}

@InProceedings{Carpenter:asru99,
 author = "Bob Carpenter",
 title = "Human Versus Machine: Psycholinguistics Meets ASR",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "225--228"
}

@InProceedings{Rosenfeld:asru99,
 author = "Ronald Rosenfeld and Larry Wasserman and Can Cai and Xiaojin Zhu ",
 title = "Interactive Feature Induction And Logistic Regression For Whole Sentence Exponential Language Models",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "231--234"
}

@InProceedings{Zhang:asru99,
 author = "Shuwu Zhang and Hirofumi Yamamoto and Harald Singer and Dekai Wu and Yoshinori Sagisaka",
 title = "To Optimize Language Model By Hierarchical Modeling",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "237--240"
}

@InProceedings{Luo:asru99,
 author = "Xiaoqiang Luo and Salim Roukos and Todd Ward",
 title = "Unsupervised Adaptation Of Statistical Parsers Based On Markov Transform",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "241--244"
}

@InProceedings{Shimizu:asru99,
 author = "Tohru Shimizu and Shingo Kuroiwa and Norio Higuchi",
 title = "Conversational Speech Recognition Using Sentence Style Related Multi N-grams",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "245--248"
}

@InProceedings{Johnson:asru99,
 author = "Michael T. Johnson and Mary P. Harper",
 title = "Near Minimal Weighted Word Graphs For Post-processing Speech",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "249--252"
}

@InProceedings{Peters:asru99,
 author = "Jochen Peters and Dietrich Klakow",
 title = "Compact Maximum Entropy Language Models",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "253--256"
}

@InProceedings{Damnati:asru99,
 author = "Geraldine Damnati and Franck Panaget",
 title = "Adding New Words In A Spoken Dialogue System Vocabulary Using Conceptual Information And Derived Class-based LM",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "257--260"
}

@InProceedings{Saon:asru99,
 author = "George Saon and Mukund Padmanabhan",
 title = "Data-driven Approach To Designing Compound Words For Continuous Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "261--264"
}

@InProceedings{Heeman:asru99,
 author = "Peter A. Heeman",
 title = "Modeling Speech Repairs And Intonational Phrasing To Improve Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "265--268"
}

@InProceedings{Meng:asru99,
 author = "Helen M. Meng and Wai Lam and Kon Fan Low",
 title = "Learning Belief Networks For Language Understanding",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "269--272"
}

@InProceedings{Doddington:asru99,
 author = "George Doddington and Aravind Ganapathiraju and Joseph Picone and Yufeng Wu",
 title = "Adding Word Duration Information To Bigram Language Models",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "273--276"
}

@InProceedings{Vaufreydaz:asru99,
 author = "Dominique Vaufreydaz and Mohammad Akbar and Jose Rouillard",
 title = "Internet Documents: A Rich Source For Spoken Language Modeling",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "277--280"
}

@InProceedings{Riccardi:asru99,
 author = "Giuseppe Riccardi and Srinivas Bangalore and Philip D. Sarin",
 title = "Learning Head-dependency Relations From Unannotated Corpora",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "281--284"
}

@InProceedings{Bellegarda:asru99,
 author = "Jerome R. Bellegarda",
 title = "Further Developments In Hybrid N-gram+LSA Language Modeling",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "285--288"
}

@InProceedings{Kronenberg:asru99,
 author = "Susanne Kronenberg and Franz Kummert",
 title = "Structural Dependencies Between Syntactic Relations: A Robust Parsing Model For Extrapositions In Spontaneous Speech",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "289--292"
}

@InProceedings{Gorin:asru99,
 author = "Allen L. Gorin and Dijana Petrovska-Delacretaz and Giuseppe Riccardi and Jeremy H. Wright",
 title = "Learning Spoken Language Without Transcriptions",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "293--296"
}

@InProceedings{Mori:asru99,
 author = "Renato De Mori",
 title = "Recognizing And Using Knowledge Structures  In Dialog Systems ",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "297--300"
}

@InProceedings{Glass:asru99,
 author = "James R. Glass",
 title = "Challenges For Spoken Dialogue Systems",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "307--310"
}

@InProceedings{Walker:asru99,
 author = "Marilyn Walker and Julie Boland and Candace Kamm",
 title = "The Utility Of Elapsed Time As A Usability Metric For Spoken Dialogue Systems",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "317--320"
}

@InProceedings{Levin:asru99,
 author = "Esther Levin and Roberto Pieraccini and Wieland Eckert and Giuseppe Di Fabbrizio and Shrikanth Narayanan",
 title = "Spoken Language Dialogue: From Theory To Practice",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "321--324"
}

@InProceedings{Falavigna:asru99,
 author = "Daniele Falavigna and Roberto Gretter",
 title = "Flexible Mixed Initiative Dialogue Over The Telephone Network",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "325--328"
}

@InProceedings{Ma:asru99,
 author = "Jianbo Ma and Chalapathy Neti and Andrew W. Senior",
 title = "Pose Compensation For Bimodal Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "329--332"
}

@InProceedings{Wightman:asru99,
 author = "Colin W. Wightman and Richard C. Rose",
 title = "Evaluation Of An Efficient Prosody Labeling System For Spontaneous Speech Utterances",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "333--336"
}

@InProceedings{Rudnicky:asru99,
 author = "Alexander Rudnicky and Wei Xu",
 title = "An Agenda-based Dialog Management Architecture For Spoken Language Systems",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "337--340"
}

@InProceedings{Ward:asru99,
 author = "Wayne Ward and Bryan Pellom",
 title = "The CU Communicator System",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "341--344"
}

@InProceedings{Lin:asru99,
 author = "Bor-shen Lin and Hsin-min Wang and Lin-shan Lee",
 title = "A Distributed Architecture For Cooperative Spoken Dialogue Agents With Coherent Dialogue State And History",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "345--348"
}

@InProceedings{Hirschberg:asru99,
 author = "Julia Hirschberg and Diane Litman and Marc Swerts",
 title = "Prosodic Cues To Recognition Errors",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "349--352"
}

@InProceedings{Boves:asru99,
 author = "Lou Boves and Els den Os",
 title = "Applications Of Speech Technology: Designing For Usability",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "353--356"
}

@InProceedings{Barnard:asru99,
 author = "Etienne Barnard and Andrew Halberstadt and Chris Kotelly and Michael Phillips",
 title = "A Consistent Approach To Designing Spoken-dialog Systems",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "363--366"
}

@InProceedings{Langkilde:asru99,
 author = "Irene Langkilde and Marilyn Walker and Jerry Wright and Allen L. Gorin and Diane Litman",
 title = "Automatic Prediction Of Problematic Human-computer Dialogues In 'How May I Help You?'  ",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "369--372"
}

@InProceedings{Rahim:asru99,
 author = "Mazin G. Rahim and Roberto Pieraccini and Wieland Eckert and Esther Levin and Giuseppe Di Fabbrizio and Giuseppe Riccardi and Chih-mei Lin and Candace Kamm",
 title = "W99 - A Spoken Dialogue System For The ASRU'99 Workshop",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "373--376"
}

@InProceedings{Matassoni:asru99,
 author = "Marco Matassoni and Maurizio Omologo and Luca Cristoforetti and Diego Giuliani and Piergiorgio Svaizer and Edmondo Trentin and Enrico Zovato",
 title = "Some Results On The Development Of A Hands-free Speech Recognizer For Car-environment",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "377--380"
}

@InProceedings{Dobrin:asru99,
 author = "Cristina Dobrin and Peter Boda and Kari Laurila",
 title = "On Usability Of Name Dialling",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "381--384"
}

@InProceedings{Valin:asru99,
 author = "Jean-Marc Valin and David G. Stork",
 title = "Open Mind Speech Recognition",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "385--388"
}

@InProceedings{Dobler:asru99,
 author = "Stefan Dobler",
 title = "Speech Control In The Mobile Communications Environment",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "389--392"
}

@InProceedings{Kawahara:asru99,
 author = "Tatsuya Kawahara and Tetsunori Kobayashi and Kazuya Takeda and Nobuaki Minematsu and {Katsunobu I}tou and Mikio Yamamoto and Atsushi Yamada and Takehito Utsuro and Kiyohiro Shikano",
 title = "Japanese Dictation Toolkit: Plug-and-play Framework For Speech Recognition R{\&}D",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "393--396"
}

@InProceedings{Strong:asru99,
 author = "Gary W. Strong",
 title = "The Future Of Speech Research At NSF And DARPA",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "397--400"
}

@InProceedings{Jelinek:asru99,
 author = "Frederick Jelinek",
 title = "Speech And Language Technology At The Johns Hopkins University",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "399--402"
}

@InProceedings{Lee2:asru99,
 author = "Lin-shan Lee",
 title = "Programs And Activities On Chinese Spoken Language Processing",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "401--404"
}

@InProceedings{Trancoso:asru99,
 author = "Isabel Trancoso",
 title = "Speech Recognition Activities In Europe - Recent Trends",
 year = 1999,
 booktitle = "Proceedings of the IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop",
 address = "Keystone, USA",
 pages = "403--406"
}